EEOC Hearing Focuses on 'Plague' of Age Discrimination
Highlighting the "devastating impact" of age discrimination, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission this week held a public hearing on recent developments under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), including the effect on older workers of widespread layoffs, threats to employee benefits, and controversial recent court decisions. The Commission will consider expert panelists’ proposals for regulatory and legislative action, and today issued a technical assistance document on waivers as part of severance agreements.
"Whether trying to retain or obtain a job, older workers may find themselves susceptible to unlawful age-based stereotypes and discrimination," said Acting EEOC Chairman Stuart Ishimaru. "Employers' conscious or unconscious stereotypes about older workers may cause them to underestimate the contributions of these workers to their organizations. As a result, older workers may be disproportionately selected for layoffs during reductions-in-force. To then make matters worse, evidence suggests that older workers who lose their jobs may have more difficulty finding another job than their younger counterparts, due to age discrimination."
These conclusions were substantiated at the hearing by the testimony of a variety of experts in age discrimination law and policy. The expert panelists testified in detail about the damaging effect of age stereotyping and recent judicial decisions that have curtailed the ability of older workers to successfully challenge age discrimination. These cases include Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC and Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc.
The experts also proposed--and urged--a variety of potential enforcement and policy solutions to counteract these adverse judicial decisions, such as issuing regulations to fully define the components and burdens of pleading and proof of the reasonable factor other than age defense in the ADEA; developing policy guidance to make uniform the relevance and weight of ageist comments; and using the EEOC's rulemaking authority under the ADEA to clarify the factors announced by the Supreme Court in the Kentucky Retirement case. They also said that legislative action was essential to ensure that the ADEA was a meaningful enforcement tool.
Commissioners pledged to consider the experts' suggestions and to take steps to provide additional regulatory and policy guidance.
Plaintiffs from recent ADEA cases also testified at the hearing, putting a human face on the problem. John Stannard, a plaintiff in Meacham v. KAPL, testified that he believed he was selected for layoff due to "the false stereotype which characterizes older workers as less flexible and critical." Losing his job after 27 years of excellent work, Stannard said, he found himself "in desperate need of money, [and] took the only job readily available, which was a janitor position at KAPL. I was cleaning the wastebaskets of my former colleagues. . . I was very humiliated."
Ishimaru said witnesses' experiences demonstrated "first and foremost, the devastating impact that age discrimination can have on a person. What's more, their experiences underscore that age discrimination is an equal opportunity plague. It is not limited to members of a particular class or a particular race. It is not limited to particular industries or particular regions. And it is not limited to a particular gender."
Panelists included:
- Professor Michael A. Campion, Professor of Management at Purdue University.
- Cathy Ventrell-Monsees, President of Workplace Fairness, a non-profit organization dedicated to educating workers about their employment rights; and a veteran employment discrimination attorney.
- Rae Vann, General Counsel of the Equal Employment Advisory Council and a partner at Norris, Tysse, Lampley & Lakis LLP.
- Michael Barnes, John Stannard, and Dennis Halfhill, workers who were the victims of age-based policies and practices.
- Anna Park, EEOC's Regional Attorney for the Los Angeles District; and Nancy Edmonds, EEOC Senior Trial Attorney in the Indianapolis District Office, who both have extensive experience litigating ADEA cases.
- Laurie McCann, a Senior Attorney with the AARP Foundation Litigation Team.
- Eric Dreiband, a partner at Jones Day, and former EEOC General Counsel.
The EEOC's technical assistance document explains terminated employees' rights and obligations when offered severance pay in exchange for a waiver of discrimination claims. EEOC issued the document following a significant spike in age discrimination charges, and amid increased layoffs involving waivers of rights. The document, in straightforward Q&A format, is posted on EEOC's Web site at www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/qanda_severance-agreements.html.