UNC Researchers Say Stomach Flu Vaccine May be Possible
Researchers at the University of North Carolina School of Public Health have released a new study announcing their discovery that because noroviruses--commonly referred to as "stomach flu"--mutate genetically, much like the virus that causes influenza, a vaccine could be possible.
Every year, millions of people are infected with the stomach flu--often resulting in up to 72 hours of vomiting and diarrhea. While most people recover in a few days, the symptoms can lead to dehydration and in rare cases death.
"One of the mysteries of medicine has been why do they keep infecting people when you'd think we'd be developing immunity," said Lisa Lindesmith, one of the lead authors of the study, titled "Mechanisms of GII.4 Norovirus Persistence in Human Populations," published Feb. 13 in the online medical journal PLoS Medicine. "What we've found is that the GII.4 arm [of the noroviruses] keeps changing. Whenever we're seeing big outbreaks of norovirus, we're also seeing genetic changes in the virus."
Noroviruses are the leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis. They are highly contagious, often causing epidemic outbreaks in families and communities, on cruise ships, in hospitals, and in assisted living facilities. The viruses are especially hard on the elderly. In 2006, 19 deaths were associated with norovirus acute gastroenteritis in long-term care facilities in the United States. Often, infection can mean many miserable hours, with time lost from work, school and, other activities. There is no treatment to stop the infection.
Authors from UNC include Lindesmith, an epidemiology research specialist in the School of Public Health; Eric Donaldson and Anna LoBue, both doctoral students and research assistants in microbiology and immunology in the UNC School of Medicine; Jennifer Cannon, doctoral student in environmental sciences and engineering; and Ralph Baric, Ph.D., a professor in the School of Public Health's epidemiology department and in the School of Medicine's microbiology and immunology department. Authors from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention include Du-ping Zheng, Ph.D. and Jan Vinje, Ph.D., head of the CDC's National Calicivirus Laboratory.
PLoS Medicine is available at www.plosmedicine.org.