Ladder Safety

How to Choose the Right Ladder for the Job

Thousands of ladder-related injuries happen every year, often because the wrong ladder is used. Understanding ladder types, height requirements, duty ratings, and materials can reduce fall risk and improve safety at elevation.

• By Joe Zgrabik
• Feb 27, 2026

Ladders are essential tools used every day at home and on the job. When selected and used properly, a ladder serves as a reliable safety system for climbing and working at elevation. However, working at height can be dangerous when the wrong ladder is chosen for the job.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, thousands of non-fatal workplace injuries and over one hundred fatal injuries each year are attributed to falls from ladders. These incidents are preventable. Choosing the right ladder for the job, based on the task, environment, height, duty rating, and material, is one of the most effective ways to reduce risk and improve safety.

Start with the Work Environment

Not every ladder is suitable for every job. Too often, people grab the nearest ladder without considering whether it is appropriate for the task. Before selecting a ladder, take a moment to evaluate your work environment and ask a few key questions:

• What height do I need to reach, and what task will I be performing?
• Is the surface flat, firm, and free from slipping hazards?
• Will I be working near electrical sources, especially overhead?
• How much total weight will the ladder need to support?
• Are there space limitations that affect ladder setup?
• Will the ladder be used to access an elevated surface, such as a roof?

Answering these questions will help guide you to the safest and most effective ladder for the job.

Understanding Ladder Types

Ladders generally fall into two main categories: non-self-supporting (leaning) ladders and self-supporting ladders. Each type is designed for specific applications and must be used as intended.

Non-Self-Supporting Ladders

Non-self-supporting ladders are designed to lean against a stable structure and require both a firm ground surface and secure top support. These ladders are intended for use by one person at a time.

• Extension Ladders. Extension ladders are adjustable in length and are ideal for reaching high or hard-to-access areas, such as rooftops or gutters. They consist of a base section and one or more movable sections that allow the ladder to extend to the desired height.
• Single Ladders. A single ladder is a one-piece, fixed-length ladder similar to the base section of an extension ladder. These ladders are useful when working at a consistent height and when adjustability is not required.
• Telescoping Ladders. Telescoping ladders are adjustable, non-self-supporting ladders that retract to a compact size for easy transport and storage. They are commonly used by professionals who need moderate reach without carrying a full-length ladder.
• Articulated Ladders (Leaning Configuration). Articulated ladders feature locking hinges that allow them to be configured in multiple ways, including as a leaning ladder. Users must ensure all locking mechanisms are fully engaged before use and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for each configuration.

When using non-self-supporting ladders, always set the ladder at the proper angle — approximately 75 degrees unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. The ladder should extend three feet above the support point when accessing an elevated surface. Never stand on the top rungs and secure the ladder whenever practical to prevent slipping or sideways movement.

Self-Supporting Ladders

Self-supporting ladders are designed to stand independently and do not need to lean against a structure. These ladders should only be used on firm, level surfaces and should never be placed on boxes, barrels, scaffolds, or other unstable objects to gain additional height.

• Stepladders. Stepladders are among the most used ladders in homes and workplaces. They are non-adjustable in length and feature flat steps and a hinged design. Stepladders are suitable for tasks such as painting, maintenance, and changing light fixtures.
• Platform Ladders. Platform ladders include a large standing platform at the highest intended standing level, surrounded on three sides by a guardrail. They provide improved comfort and stability for tasks that require working at a fixed height for longer periods.
• Trestle Ladders. Also known as double-front ladders, trestle ladders consist of two climbing sides and are designed for use by two people at the same time. These ladders are commonly used in construction, painting, and interior finishing applications.
• Articulated Ladders (Self-Supporting Configuration). When configured as a self-supporting ladder, articulated ladders function similarly to stepladders. Because locking mechanisms vary by manufacturer, users must be familiar with proper setup and ensure all hinges are fully locked before climbing.
• Mobile Ladder Stands and Platforms. Mobile ladder stands are fixed-height, self-supporting ladders equipped with wide steps and, in many cases, handrails or guardrails. Commonly found in warehouses and industrial settings, these ladders must never be moved while occupied.
• Stepstools. Stepstools are self-supporting climbing devices typically 36 inches or less in height. Unlike stepladders, stepstools are designed to allow standing on the top step or platform. They are commonly used for light-duty tasks in homes and offices.

Choosing the Right Height and Size

Selecting the correct ladder size is critical. Using a ladder that is too short or too long increases the risk of losing balance or overreaching.

For non-self-supporting ladders, such as extension or single ladders, the ladder should extend three feet above the top support point when accessing an elevated surface. For self-supporting ladders, such as stepladders, the highest standing level is typically the second step below the top cap. Never stand above the manufacturer-designated highest standing level.

Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding ladder height and intended use.

Selecting the Proper Duty Rating

The duty rating of a ladder indicates the maximum weight it can safely support. This includes not only the user’s body weight, but also the weight of clothing, personal protective equipment, tools, materials, and any accessories being used.

Ladder duty ratings fall into five categories:

• Type IAA (Special Duty): 375 pounds
• Type IA (Extra Heavy Duty): 300 pounds
• Type I (Heavy Duty): 250 pounds
• Type II (Medium Duty): 225 pounds
• Type III (Light Duty): 200 pounds

Always ensure the ladder’s duty rating meets or exceeds the total ladder-supported weight.

Choosing the Right Ladder Material

Ladders are commonly made from wood, fiberglass, or aluminum. The work environment plays a major role in selecting the appropriate material.

When working near electrical sources, aluminum ladders should never be used because aluminum conducts electricity. In these situations, a clean, dry fiberglass or wood ladder is the safest choice. When electrical hazards are not present, aluminum ladders may be preferred for their lighter weight.

Conclusion

Choosing the right ladder for the job is one of the most effective ways to prevent falls and injuries. By evaluating the work environment, selecting the appropriate ladder type, choosing the correct height and duty rating, and using the proper material, users can greatly reduce risk and improve safety when working at height.

This article originally appeared in the February/March 2026 issue of Occupational Health & Safety.